Bem-estar psicológico, sintomas de depressão e forças do caráter em idosos da comunidade / Psychological well-being, depressive symptoms and character strengths among the community elderly / Bienestar psicológico, síntomas depresivos y fortalezas de carácter en ancianos de la comunidad

Em um mundo com um número crescente de idosos, envelhecer bem se torna cada vez mais importante, e as forças do caráter podem contribuir para que isso seja alcançado. A fim de analisar forças na velhice, associando-as com sintomas depressivos e bem-estar psicológico, 188 idosos responderam às versões reduzidas e em português dos instrumentos Values-in-Action Inventory of Strengths, Escala de Depressão Geriátrica e Philadelphia Geriatric Center Morale Scale. As forças Amor, Esperança, Curiosidade, Perdão e Vitalidade se associaram tanto a níveis mais elevados de bem-estar psicológico quanto a mais baixos de sintomas depressivos. Foram obtidas correlações significativas entre seis forças e sintomas depressivos ­ negativas fracas ­ e entre 11 delas e bem-estar psicológico ­ positivas fracas. Os resultados deste estudo ampliam, ainda que limitadamente, o conhecimento sobre forças de idosos, especialmente como elas se relacionam com dois construtos que influenciam a velhice. Ademais, fornecem uma base para o desenvolvimento de intervenções futuras.

In a world with an increasing number of elderly people, aging well is becoming increasingly important, and character strengths can contribute to this. In order to analyze strengths among the elderly, associating them with depressive symptoms and psychological well-being, 188 elderly people answered the reduced and Portuguese versions of Values-in-Action Inventory of Strengths, Geriatric Depression Scale and Philadelphia Geriatric Center Morale Scale. Love, Hope, Curiosity, Forgiveness, and Vitality strengths were associated with both higher levels of psychological well-being and lower depressive symptoms. Significant correlations were found between six strengths and depressive symptoms ­ weak negatives ­ and between 11 of them and psychological well-being ­ weak positives. The results of this study expand, albeit to a limited extent, knowledge about elderly people's strengths, especially as they relate to two constructs that influence old age. In addition, they provide a basis for the development of future interventions.

En un mundo con un número creciente de ancianos, envejecer bien se está volviendo cada vez más importante, y las fortalezas de carácter pueden contribuir para esto. Para analizar las fortalezas en ancianos, asociándolas con los síntomas depresivos y el bienestar psicológico, 188 ancianos respondieron las versiones cortas, en português, de los instrumentos Values-in-Action Inven-tory of Strengths, Escala de Depresión Geriátrica y Philadelphia Geriatric Center Morale Scale. Las fortalezas Amor, Esperanza, Curiosidad, Perdón y Vitalidad se asociaron con niveles más altos de bienestar psicológico y síntomas depresivos más bajos. Se encontraron correlaciones significativas entre seis fortalezas y síntomas depresivos ­ negativas bajas ­ y 11 entre ellos y el bienestar psicológico ­ positivas bajas. Los resultados de este estudio amplían, aunque de forma limitada, el conocimiento sobre las fortalezas en ancianos, especialmente en como ellas se relacionan con dos constructos que influyen en la vejez. Además, proporcionan una base para el desarrollo de futuras intervenciones.

Los significados construidos del envejecimiento positivo en la participación ocupacional de adultas mayores con patologías articulares / The meanings constructed from the positive aging in the occupational participation of older adults with articular pathologies

El envejecimiento de las población ha generado un aumento de adultos mayores, donde gran porcentaje de éstos son mujeres. También se han incrementado las enfermedades crónicas, siendo más frecuentes en este rango etario las patologías articulares, que impactan la funcionalidad y la calidad de vida, contribuyendo a la creencia de mitos en torno a la vejez. No obstante, esta visión cambiaría debido a la creación de una propuesta política gubernamental, la de Envejecimiento Positivo orientada a la inclusión del adulto mayor en la sociedad, mejorando su calidad de vida y posicionándolo como un sujeto de derecho.La Terapia Ocupacional promueve la participación ocupacional de adultas mayores con enfermedades articulares, para que tengan un envejecimiento positivo, aunque para alcanzar ese propósito, es preciso analizar el significado construido que tienen estas personas sobre dicho concepto, por esto se realizó una entrevista semiestructurada a 4 mujeres entre 61 y 68 años de edad, cuyos temas se basaron en el bienestar subjetivo, la salud, la participación social y la participación ocupacional en el tiempo libre, elementos relevantes en el envejecimiento positivo. Mediante el análisis de datos con la Teoría Fundamentada, se estudió el significado construido sobre el envejecimiento positivo, concebido por las participantes, como una educación del envejecimiento, con el fin de no depender de otros. También se visualizó el envejecimiento como sinónimo de vejez, que se vivencia como una etapa de soledad, en la que si bien, la calidad de vida no se ve afectada por éste, hay factores que influyen en ella, afectando sus capacidades motoras, por ello desarrollan principalmente ocupaciones de tiempo libre pasivas y deseos de efectuar actividades recreativas.

Population aging has generated an increase of older adults, where a large percentage of these are women. Chronic diseases have also increased, being more common in this population joint pathologies, which impact on functionality and quality of life, contributing to the belief in myths about old age. However, this vision would change, due to the creation of a governmental policy proposal such as Positive Aging, aimed to the inclusion of the elderly in society, improving their quality of life and positioning them as a subject of rights.Occupational therapy promotes occupational participation of older adults with joint diseases, so that they have a positive aging. Though, in order to achieve that purpose, it is necessary to analyze the built meaning that these people have about this concept. For this, a semi-structured interview was conducted to women between 61 and 68 years of age, whose themes were based on subjective well-being, health, social participation and occupational participation in free time, relevant elements in positive aging.Through the analysis of data with the Grounded Theory, the meaning built on positive aging, conceived by the participants, was studied. It was conceived as an education of aging, so as not to depend on others. Aging was also seen as synonymous with old age, which is experienced as a stage of loneliness, in which, although quality of life is not affected by it, there are factors that influence it, affecting their motor skills. For this reason they mainly develop passive leisure activities, with the desire to carry out recreational activities.

[Active ageing and success: A brief history of conceptual models]. / Envejecimiento activo y de éxito o saludable: una breve historia de modelos conceptuales.

INTRODUCTION AND PURPOSE OF THE STUDY: The aim of this paper is to analyse and describe different conceptual models of successful ageing, active and healthy ageing developed in Europe and in America in the 20° century, starting from Rowe and Kahn's original model (1987, 1997). METHODOLOGY: A narrative review was conducted on the literature on successful ageing. RESULTS: Our review included definition of successful ageing from European and American scholars. Models were found that aimed to describe indexes of active and healthy ageing, models devoted to describe processes involved in successful ageing, and additional views that emphasise subjective and objective perception of successful ageing. A description is also given of critiques on previous models and remedies according to Martin et al. (2014) and strategies for successful ageing according to Jeste and Depp (2014). The need is discussed for the enhancement of Rowe and Kahn's model and other models with a more inclusive, universal description of ageing, incorporating scientific evidence regarding active ageing.

Explorando la inteligencia emocional percibida en tres franjas etarias: un estudio realizado en la argentina / Exploring perceived emotional intelligence in three age groups: a sudy realized in Argentina

La inteligencia emocional percibida consiste en un conjunto de habilidades de procesamiento emocional. Incluye la capacidad para percibir los propios estados emocionales – atencion emocional –, comprenderlos y expresarlos linguisticamente – claridad de sentimientos - y regularlos adaptativamente – reparación emocional. Este constructo se encuadra dentro del enfoque de la Psicología Positiva, ha sido asociado a la resiliencia y funciona como amortiguador de las respuestas de estres y como un factor protector contra el burnout. Este estudio explora y compara las características de la inteligencia emocional percibida en personas de tres grupos de edad: 1) 15 a 24; 2) 30 a 45 y 3) 60 a 75 años, mediante un diseno transversal, descriptivo-correlacional. Se realizó un muestreo no probabilistico-intencional de 252 sujetos de ambos sexos a los que se administró la Escala de Metaconocimiento sobre Estados Emocionales. Los resultados señalan que los participantes de 60 a 75 años presentan mayor capacidad de comprensión y expresión emocional que los de los grupos restantes, así como mayor capacidad de regular sus emociones que los del grupo de 15 a 24 años. Estos resultados apoyan los antecedentes que señalan que los adultos mayores presentan un perfil de mayor desarrollo de las habilidades de Inteligencia Emocional que las personas de menor edad. Esto implica que los adultos mayores tienen disponibles estos efectivos recursos emocionales para afrontar y adaptarse a los desafios de la vida cotidiana en la vejez.(AU)

Perceived emotional intelligence is a set of abilities of emotional processing. It includes the capacity to recognize the own emotional states – emotional attention –, the ability to understand and express them linguistically – clarity of feelings – and also the ability to adaptively regulate them – emotional repair. Developed within the Positive Psychology framework, it has been associated with resilience and works as a buffer for stress responses and also as a protective factor against the burnout. This study explores and compares the characteristics of perceived emotional intelligence in three age groups, 1) 15 to 24; 2) 30 to 45 and 3) 60 to 75, using a cross-sectional, descriptive-correlational design. A non-probability intentional sample of 252 subjects, both male and female – for whom the Scale of Metacognition about Emotional States was administered – was carried out. The results showed that subjects from 60 to 75 years have a greater capacity for understanding and emotional expression than the other groups, and greater ability to regulate their emotions than the 15 to 24 group. This findings support previous studies which point out that the elderly have a more developed profile of perceived emotional intelligence abilities than younger people. This implies that the elderly have effective emotional resources to cope and adapt to everyday challenges.(AU)

Explorando la inteligencia emocional percibida en tres franjas etarias: un estudio realizado en la argentina / Exploring perceived emotional intelligence in three age groups: a sudy realized in Argentina

La inteligencia emocional percibida consiste en un conjunto de habilidades de procesamiento emocional. Incluye la capacidad para percibir los propios estados emocionales – atencion emocional –, comprenderlos y expresarlos linguisticamente – claridad de sentimientos - y regularlos adaptativamente – reparación emocional. Este constructo se encuadra dentro del enfoque de la Psicología Positiva, ha sido asociado a la resiliencia y funciona como amortiguador de las respuestas de estres y como un factor protector contra el burnout. Este estudio explora y compara las características de la inteligencia emocional percibida en personas de tres grupos de edad: 1) 15 a 24; 2) 30 a 45 y 3) 60 a 75 años, mediante un diseno transversal, descriptivo-correlacional. Se realizó un muestreo no probabilistico-intencional de 252 sujetos de ambos sexos a los que se administró la Escala de Metaconocimiento sobre Estados Emocionales. Los resultados señalan que los participantes de 60 a 75 años presentan mayor capacidad de comprensión y expresión emocional que los de los grupos restantes, así como mayor capacidad de regular sus emociones que los del grupo de 15 a 24 años. Estos resultados apoyan los antecedentes que señalan que los adultos mayores presentan un perfil de mayor desarrollo de las habilidades de Inteligencia Emocional que las personas de menor edad. Esto implica que los adultos mayores tienen disponibles estos efectivos recursos emocionales para afrontar y adaptarse a los desafios de la vida cotidiana en la vejez.

Perceived emotional intelligence is a set of abilities of emotional processing. It includes the capacity to recognize the own emotional states – emotional attention –, the ability to understand and express them linguistically – clarity of feelings – and also the ability to adaptively regulate them – emotional repair. Developed within the Positive Psychology framework, it has been associated with resilience and works as a buffer for stress responses and also as a protective factor against the burnout. This study explores and compares the characteristics of perceived emotional intelligence in three age groups, 1) 15 to 24; 2) 30 to 45 and 3) 60 to 75, using a cross-sectional, descriptive-correlational design. A non-probability intentional sample of 252 subjects, both male and female – for whom the Scale of Metacognition about Emotional States was administered – was carried out. The results showed that subjects from 60 to 75 years have a greater capacity for understanding and emotional expression than the other groups, and greater ability to regulate their emotions than the 15 to 24 group. This findings support previous studies which point out that the elderly have a more developed profile of perceived emotional intelligence abilities than younger people. This implies that the elderly have effective emotional resources to cope and adapt to everyday challenges.